Master theses of the years:
Here you can find the summaries (abstracts) of Master's theses in the degree programme Therapeutic social work.
This Master's thesis deals with the organisation of relationships with children and young people in the
outpatient care setting, represented by socio-pedagogical family support, and in the
inpatient care setting, represented by a residential care group.
The empirical investigation of the Master's thesis is based on the question of the extent to which four selected elements of social competence differ in the two different care settings with regard to the way social work professionals organise relationships.
The four elements analysed are the relationship between closeness and distance, trust, the relationship between power and participation and recognition and appreciation in the relationship design. The theoretical dimensions of relationship design are also included in the evaluation of the six expert interviews conducted, which were analysed using the MAXQDA analysis software. Three interviews were conducted for each setting. The analysis showed that the elements do not differ greatly in their understanding and perception. However, certain factors determine a different meaning and characterisation of the elements of social competence in the two care settings. In particular, the factors of time, work assignment, parents and intensity of life-world orientation emerge as decisive aspects with regard to the differentiation of the four elements. The closeness-distance relationship and trust showed a more intensive character and significance in the inpatient setting than in the outpatient setting. The element of recognition and appreciation has basic characteristics that are present in both settings and are differentiated by the aforementioned factors. The same was also found for the relationship between power and participation.
This work is intended to create a feeling for becoming aware of the influence of the respective setting and to critically reflect on one's own competences in shaping relationships with children and young people.
The aim of this research project is to provide an insight into the practical implementation of the innovative care model of inpatient equivalent psychiatric treatment (StäB) in German general psychiatric centres. The aim is to identify common core components and structural differences in the practical implementation of StäB. In addition, the research question "How is inpatient-equivalent psychiatric treatment implemented in German general psychiatric wards?" will be answered from the perspective of mental health professionals and, in particular, the core elements of target group, therapy and multi-professional treatment team will be examined in more detail.
The qualitative research paradigm was chosen as the research approach and conducted using the problem-centred interview method. This revealed that the legal framework conditions serve as the basic framework for the practical implementation of the StäB treatment model, but that the StäB clinics have a certain amount of leeway in the practical organisation of individual treatment components. On the one hand, this results in a high degree of similarity in the elements of target group selection and therapy content, but on the other hand, structural differences can also be identified in some cases with regard to the organisation and structure of the multi-professional treatment team and the organisation of therapy.
This freedom of organisation enables StäB clinics to adapt the treatment on offer to the existing regional care structures and the needs of patients. Acute treatment at home can therefore offer people with severe mental illnesses the opportunity to mitigate the consequences of these illnesses as self-determined as possible and thus break through the effect of revolving-door psychiatry. However, this requires openness and a willingness to change on the part of both patients and psychiatric clinics.
The aim of this Master's thesis is to describe the specifics of professional work with people who have experienced ritual violence. The following research question arises: 'What special features and difficulties do professionals face in their professional work with affected persons and what effects does this have on the professionals?
In order to answer these questions, qualitative research was conducted using expert interviews with seven mental health professionals about their work with affected clients. The most important findings of the research include the persistent contact with perpetrators, mind control and the high, time-intensive support needs of the affected clients. Furthermore, many of those affected suffer from serious psychological and physical disorders as a result of ritual violence. In addition, many professionals experience professional isolation and a rather limited range of further training courses on ritual violence. Many professionals also come up against funding limits.
In addition to these results, the qualitative research shows the effects that professional work has on professionals, such as the experience of negative emotions, severe psychological stress and the risk of being personally targeted by perpetrators. In addition to these, there are also positive effects, such as positive emotions, professional and personal development and the feeling of meaningfulness in one's own work.
Depressive disorders are one of the leading causes of disability and early retirement in Germany. The aim of this thesis is to answer to what extent animal-assisted therapy for people with an F33 diagnosis can contribute to the achievement of rehabilitation goals in the context of RPK. In order to answer the research question, a theory-based hypothetical concept is developed. In addition to the current state of research, it is based on current literature as well as the therapy goals and treatment methods of the corresponding S3 guideline.
The study shows that animal-assisted therapy has so far lacked sufficient evidence-based data regarding its effectiveness. Nevertheless, there are a large number of animal-assisted interventions that have positive effects on people with depressive symptoms. The concept that has been developed illustrates possible ways of integrating animal-assisted therapy into the rehabilitative context of severely mentally ill people. Taking into account the possibilities and limitations of the concept developed and its significance for therapeutic social work, the discussion focuses in particular on whether it can be implemented in reality and in which areas improvements need to be made.
The aim of this master's thesis is to empirically compare the relationship commitment between generations X (1965-1979) and Y (1980-1994). The relevance is given, as current media and, to some extent, relationship research assume that younger generations are becoming increasingly unable to form relationships. This leaves the target group in particular feeling insecure.
An online survey was used to acquire almost 700 participants who, in addition to answering general questions about their relationship, completed a diagnostic questionnaire to assess the underlying quality of their relationship. The structure of the questionnaire was based on the attachment theory and socio-psychological influences on the relationship bond. The quantitative study results revealed a stronger socio-psychological influence than an attachment-theoretical one. Partnership-specific comparisons of the two generations revealed hardly any differences, while the quality of attachment showed an averagely insecure Generation X. It can be concluded from the present study that a declining or at least changing relationship commitment of Generation Y cannot be empirically confirmed. Rather, this topic is experiencing a "media hype".
The master's thesis is designed both for those interested in the topic and for professionals in the social field. In particular, it illustrates the influence of attachment theory on a personal, social and professional level.
Introduction: With its mindfulness-based and body-orientated aspects, yoga offers a suitable combination for complementary therapy for eating disorders, as it works on a physical, mental and emotional level. In Germany, yoga is still relatively unknown as a complementary therapy for eating disorders. There are a few international studies that deal with the topic and, despite their limitations, show promising effects that could positively influence the success of therapy. The present study deals firstly with the question of what a first draft of a therapy-accompanying yoga programme for people with eating disorders could look like and secondly, how it is assessed by experts from the field.
Method: The theory-based design of the programme was based on the latest research, current literature and the therapeutic goals of the S3 guidelines. This resulted in an eight-week yoga programme. The physical experience during the asanas is supplemented by psychoeducational elements and yoga philosophical principles in a theoretical section. This manual was evaluated by yoga teachers with a psychological/therapeutic background and experience with the target group using the Think Aloud method and analysed in the form of a qualitative content analysis.
Results: The interviewees rated the programme as positive and, taking into account the comments and suggestions for improvement, as feasible. The importance of emphasising the aspects addressed in the theory section on a physical level in the yoga series and the use of non-judgemental language that is sensitive to the needs of the target group and provides relief proved to be central. In addition, the relevance of the personal fit of the course leader became clear, which suggests a differentiated selection process and training of the candidates.
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Due to the research gap and the resulting need for research, this master's thesis deals with parental work with parents of anorectic children and adolescents and the resulting opportunities and challenges. It also deals with the disorder of anorexia nervosa in adolescents in general and the associated selected treatment models.
The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of parent work with adolescents with anorexia nervosa and to identify the opportunities and challenges that can arise in parent work with this target group in particular. Although it has been proven that social-family problems can have a significant influence on the development of anorexia nervosa in adolescence, there are few specialised intervention options for social work/psychotherapy in working with parents.
This study uses a series of qualitative interviews to analyse the influence of social work on the prevention, implementation and aftercare of coercive measures in psychiatric care. It focusses on the perspective of those affected. To this end, a theoretical analysis of social work in psychiatric clinics, various definitions and the current state of research on coercive measures took place first. The conditions for the legal and ethical legitimacy of coercion were also outlined. Subsequently, 12 problem-centred interviews were conducted with patients at the Sophien- und Hufeland-Klinikum in Weimar, eight of which were evaluated using a qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. It was found that the patients interviewed did not perceive any influence of social work on the prevention, implementation or aftercare of coercive measures. Patients perceive social work as a profession responsible for administrative tasks. However, the analysis of the interviews also showed that opportunities for influence are seen in both prevention and aftercare. The study highlights the need for further research into the questions of what professionals need in order to utilise these opportunities for influence and what structural changes are necessary for this.
The subject of this master's thesis is a comparison of the theoretical principles with the practical implementation of qualified withdrawal for alcohol addiction. With the help of various guideline-based expert interviews, multi-perspective insights into the practice of the treatment method were provided. By subsequently analysing and comparing the findings, discrepancies between theory and practice were identified, particularly with regard to the topic-related S3 guideline.
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Depressive disorders are on the rise, including in the young adult age group of 18 to 30-year-olds. At the same time, this age group is confronted with various social challenges such as the demands of working life, growing up and dealing with social media. These aspects have an influence on the development of depressive disorders. The range of treatments and therapies for depressive disorders is very comprehensive.
Qualitative research was conducted to investigate the extent to which causes and therapeutic approaches are consistent, taking social factors into account. To this end, three people affected by depression and three experts who work with young people suffering from depression were interviewed using guided interviews. The aim of this study was to establish the extent to which the causes of depression in young adults are linked to social factors and whether a different or extended range of therapies is required.
The results show that social factors are proportionately experienced as causal and that the therapy is not fully conclusive of the causes.
According to retrospective dark field research, around 6-18% of girls and 1.4-7% of boys in Germany are affected by sexualised violence (Mützel et al. 2013; Martin and Nitschke 2017). The Independent Commissioner for Child Sexual Abuse Issues, Mr Rörig, made the following statement at a press conference: "In future, schools should be the No. 1 field of action for prevention, as this is the only place where all children can be reached. Protection concepts must become a matter of course in schools." (UBSKM 2014: n.p.)
Two research questions were used to analyse the implementation of protection concepts at schools in the district of Nordhausen on the one hand and possible support needs on the other. Based on a quantitative study using questionnaires, an overall survey of schools in the district of Nordhausen was conducted with a response rate of 77.8%. The investigation of the implementation of institutional protection concepts shows clear deficits in the district analysed. The existence of school social work, the implementation of prevention programmes and further training, the provision of an intervention plan and cooperation with other specialist disciplines show a need for further action. The Independent Commissioner's monitoring and the research carried out confirm that many schools are already implementing individual components, but not a comprehensive protection concept.
The need for support can be seen in the shaping of the school culture, in the assumption of responsibility by the school management, in the organisation of and participation in further and advanced training and in the involvement of parents in prevention work. Furthermore, a need for action is seen in the development of intervention plans for the procedure in the event of a suspected case and in co-operation and networking.
How exactly is the work of relatives organised in inpatient rehabilitation? Where do challenges arise and what optimisation options can be derived from this?
This master's thesis provides a broader understanding of the importance and influence of the social environment and relatives of people with a dependency disorder. The involvement of relatives within inpatient rehabilitation is of great importance in order to achieve the rehabilitation goals and to support the index person in the ongoing recovery process even after treatment.
The aim of this master's thesis is to analyse the work of relatives in various types of inpatient rehabilitation facilities for addiction disorders and to develop conceptual recommendations for needs-based work with relatives. To this end, eight expert interviews were conducted with nine social workers, social pedagogues and therapists in different types of facilities.
The study revealed that the organisation of services is essentially based on the recommendations of the service providers. Nevertheless, challenges can be identified with regard to the utilisation of work with relatives, the resources available within the facilities, the long distance to the home town and communication between the stakeholders involved. Therefore, in addition to the development of evaluative measures in this area and the search for optimisation possibilities within individual facilities, measures to destigmatise addiction disorders in society as a whole are also necessary in order to be able to offer and continuously improve work with relatives in line with demand.
The system of psychiatric care is currently undergoing radical change. To support the project on the avoidance of coercion on behalf of the Federal Ministry of Health, a thesis was written on the subject of "The influence of social work on the avoidance of coercion in psychiatric care - from the perspective of professionals".
Based on interviews with experts, the study analyses the following questions:
A theoretical framework was provided through insights into historical events in psychiatry, the current state of research, the role and tasks of social work in this context, as well as legal and ethical aspects. A further chapter refers to existing alternative concepts for the reduction of coercive measures. The theory is followed by a description of how the expert interviews were conducted. Significant results were highlighted by analysing the collected data in the form of a structured content analysis. Social work in psychiatric care is seen as a central authority that could help to avoid or reduce coercion. In particular, this requires additional and well-trained staff in both the outpatient and inpatient sectors. The experts are mostly aware of alternative measures that contribute to the avoidance of coercion, but these often fail to be implemented in practice due to a lack of specialised staff and funding. Furthermore, a reduction in coercive measures can only take place if inpatient and outpatient facilities cooperate and, above all, communicate much more. Methods such as psychoeducation, the creation of crisis plans or case management must become more established and utilised in practice within the framework of psychiatric care.
Numerous research gaps were discovered in the course of the thesis, and this work represents a first step towards closing these gaps. In the conclusion and outlook of the thesis, these research opportunities are suggested in order to approach the goal of avoiding coercion altogether. In conclusion, it can be stated that social work can make an enormous contribution to the reduction and avoidance of coercion, but must be more extensively involved in psychiatric care in order to be able to act preventively in particular.
The current debate about digitalisation is also affecting social work and addiction support in particular. However, the question arises as to how digitalisation can be meaningfully embedded in the work of addiction counselling centres. Empirically and quantitatively, in the form of paper-pencil questionnaires, 10 counselling centres from Thuringia, 63 of their clientsand 26 clientsof the Sotterhausen therapy centre in Saxony-Anhalt. In some cases, digital access, such as e-mail contact, has already been created to enable clients toto reach people inside. Media-based services are still rather new territory in the structure of outpatient addiction support services. ClientThe public sector is interested in expanding this spectrum, including in the form of digital access options. Advantages such as anonymity and low thresholds are just one example of the positive effect. Creative services that are already being used successfully in projects are seen as pioneers for digital process extensions in Thuringia's addiction counselling centres.
One result worth highlighting is the lack of media infrastructure, which has so far ensured that the social sector has been at the bottom of the league rather than a pioneer in terms of digitalisation.
Interest: The aim of this study is to generate insights from the internal perspective of parents of adolescents with cystic fibrosis regarding their development of autonomy. This is one of the most important developmental tasks to be mastered during adolescence in Western societies and is accompanied by a significant change in the parent-child relationship. In addition to these changes, however, the parents concerned also have to cope with cystic fibrosis-specific tasks that challenge their ability to grant autonomy.
Methodology: This study is a qualitative, explorative study. Six problem-centred interviews were conducted with parents using a semi-structured guideline. These were analysed using a qualitative content analysis.
Results: For the parents surveyed, both the development of autonomy and the normality closely associated with this are of great importance. Furthermore, they seem to experience the autonomous leisure behaviour of the adolescents as particularly positive. Despite this, the parents interviewed reacted to independent behaviour with control, presumably out of fear of a deterioration in health. Parents therefore find themselves in a dilemma between granting autonomy and control, which is regulated on the one hand by the parents' perception of normality and on the other by fear for their children's health.
Outlook: The results require further testing with a representative and more diverse sample. They can then serve as a basis for the development and implementation of tailored support and counselling services.
Numerous studies have shown that unemployed people are in poorer health than those in employment and that there is therefore a connection between unemployment and health. The aim of this quantitative cross-sectional study was to find out whether work opportunities in accordance with Section 16d SGB II promote the health of long-term unemployed people. To this end, participants in work opportunities in the district of Nordhausen were surveyed using a standardised paper questionnaire.
The results confirmed the hypothesis that the more latent functions the work opportunities fulfilled according to Jahoda (1981), the more positive effects this had on the health of the long-term unemployed. It has also been shown that the greater the health-promoting orientation of work opportunities, the more positively this influences the health of the long-term unemployed. The influence of age and gender on the effect of work opportunities could not be confirmed. The findings made it clear that a more health-promoting orientation of work opportunities is necessary in order to improve the health of the long-term unemployed.
The therapeutic relationship as one of the general effective factors in psychotherapy has become particularly important in psychotherapeutic practice. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research results, particularly in the field of child and adolescent psychotherapy. The present study deals with the development of a concept for the transfer of relationship concepts from adult psychotherapy to child and adolescent psychotherapy.
Two focal points of relationship design were identified, firstly the behavioural therapy concept of the working alliance in the sense of a motivationally oriented relationship design and secondly the psychodynamic concept of the emotional transference relationship. With regard to these constructs and their weighting for a high-quality therapeutic relationship, a total of 378 lecturers, practising child and adolescent psychotherapists and psychotherapists in training who were trained in both behavioural therapy and psychodynamic therapy were quantitatively surveyed. The statistical results show that there is a general focus on emotional components of the therapeutic relationship, while behavioural therapists nevertheless rate the working alliance as more important than psychodynamically oriented respondents. There are only a few significant differences in the answers to the questions between the individual professional groups.
In conclusion, it can be postulated that practising psychotherapists across professional groups appear to be gradually moving away from adherence to school-specific concepts in favour of integrative relationship approaches. Even if further research is necessary, this may indicate that new integrative ways of thinking are opening up in psychotherapy with regard to the organisation of relationships.
This master's thesis deals with the organisation of cooperation between child and adolescent psychiatry staff and inpatient child and youth welfare services. In addition, this thesis also addresses difficulties that arise in cooperation and changes that could improve cooperation in the future and what effects this could have on practice. As part of a qualitative study, a total of twelve experts, six each from child and adolescent psychiatry and inpatient child and youth welfare, were interviewed on this topic.
In conclusion, it can be said that the organisation of cooperation is heavily dependent on the motivation of the employees and the institution. Co-operation agreements between the two areas only exist in isolated cases and an exchange usually only takes place at case level. Difficulties arise in cooperation primarily at the organisational level, which is mainly due to the structural framework conditions of both systems. The greatest challenge for cooperation is posed by acute crises, which can rarely be resolved without conflict. Successful cooperation requires above all trust, appreciation and interest in the other system. Improved cooperation would be particularly beneficial for the children and young people in care and their development. In order to find criteria for improving the cooperative relationship between the two systems, successfully cooperating facilities in child and adolescent psychiatry and inpatient child and youth welfare should be surveyed and their cooperation strategies examined so that they can be transferred to other facilities.
"Mental disorders and participation in childhood" - this Master's thesis in the Therapeutic Social Work degree programme at Nordhausen University of Applied Sciences explores this topic and first provides a theoretical basis before presenting the facets of the investigation of possible activity and participation impairments in children with mental disorders. The central question will be whether the Mini-ICF APP (6-12) rating sheet is a suitable instrument for recording activity and participation impairments in children with mental disorders. The focus will be on the adaptation of the Mini-ICF Rating for Activity and Participation Impairment in Mental Illness by Michael Linden, Stefanie Baron and Beate Muschalla (Mini-ICF APP) for children. This is an external assessment tool based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), whereby the adaptation of the rating sheet carried out in this study should be done using the ICF version for childhood and adolescence (ICF-CY). All ICF content is reproduced with the kind permission of the World Health Organisation (WHO). All rights reserved by the WHO.
As a basis for the adaptation of the rating sheet for childhood, the first chapter first presents developmental psychological principles that appear relevant to the project. Mental disorders in childhood are then discussed in the second chapter and data on epidemiology and prevalence are presented. These are taken from the results of the survey on mental well-being and behaviour (BELLA) as a module of the Robert Koch Institute's Child and Adolescent Health Survey (KiGGS) on mental health and quality of life. According to this survey, around 20 per cent of children and adolescents (aged three to 17) show signs of mental disorders (Hölling, Erhart, Ravens-Sieberer & Schlack 2007). Another important part of this chapter is the description of the three common child psychiatric disorders attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders and social behaviour disorders. The focus here is primarily on the respective prevalence and symptoms.
In the third chapter, (impending) mental disability and participation impairments in childhood mental disorders are presented, first in general terms and then more specifically for hyperkinetic disorder, social behaviour disorder and anxiety disorders in the school context. Furthermore, Section 35a SGB VIII (Social Code Book Eight - Child and Youth Welfare) is explained as the basis for integration assistance for children and adolescents with (impending) mental disabilities, including the legal regulations. It describes the socio-legal understanding of an (impending) mental disability in childhood and adolescence as well as the benefit requirements and objectives of integration assistance and refers to the changes introduced by the Federal Participation Act and the new definition of disability introduced at the beginning of 2018. In view of the requirement for cooperation between child and youth welfare and child and adolescent psychiatry in Section 35a SGB VIII, key requirements of the Commission on Youth Welfare, Labour, Social Affairs and Inclusion of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Societies for successful cooperation between child and youth welfare and child and adolescent psychiatry from the perspective of child and adolescent psychiatry are also named. The fourth chapter provides an introduction to the basics of the ICF/-CY. This includes the biopsychosocial model, the structure and coding using the ICF/-CY. Finally, existing options and instruments for recording participation impairments in mental disorders are presented. The study "Mental disorders and participation in childhood" is presented in chapters five and six. Firstly, the background and relevance of the topic are explained and the current state of research is outlined. This is followed by a description of the research process based on a correlational study with the aim of identifying possible impairments to participation in childhood and mental disorders using a specially adapted rating sheet. The focus is on the procedure for developing the Mini-ICF APP (6-12) rating sheet. The main result of the study is that there are differences in the assessed abilities in that children with a diagnosed mental disorder are more likely to be rated as impaired than children in the comparison group. Abilities were sometimes judged to be impaired to a degree that could be categorised as a relevant impairment or disability. However, the observed correlations between mental disorder and impairment of activity and participation could not be statistically confirmed as significant in this study. The children in the samples came from a primary school (comparison group) and a child and adolescent psychiatric unit (study group). A total of 28 children's assessments were analysed. The study including the results as well as the developed mini-ICF APP (6-12) rating sheet are critically reflected in the final discussion. This paper concludes with a summarising conclusion.
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Theoretical background: Professionals in the social psychiatric care landscape are exposed to an increased risk of secondary traumatisation and burnout due to their work with traumatised clients. The ability to care for oneself is a potential protective factor here.
Question: The focus is on the questions of the extent to which a) client trauma plays a role in everyday social psychiatric work and b) stress reactions (secondary traumatisation and burnout) arise as a reaction to personal and work-related predictors. In addition, the extent to which the ability to care for oneself has an influence on the development of these stress reactions was investigated.
Method: By means of a questionnaire study, a sample of N=36 professionals in social psychiatric services in the Stuttgart area is used to determine which work-related and personal factors are linearly related to secondary traumatisation, burnout and self-care. In addition, intervening effects of self-care skills on the development of secondary traumatisation and burnout are examined.
Results: Multiple linear regression analyses show both a positive correlation between the duration of care (r²=.231, p=.021) and a negative correlation between the age of the professional (r²=.231, p=.046) and the degree of secondary traumatisation. With regard to the degree of burnout, there were two negative linear correlations, one with the age of the client (r²=.207, p=.048) and the other with the professional's feeling of professional stability (r²=.207, p=.034). There were no moderating effects of the ability to care for oneself on the development of burnout and secondary traumatisation.
Conclusions: Client trauma plays a significant role in the day-to-day work of social psychiatric services in the Stuttgart area and contributes to the development of secondary traumatisation symptoms and burnout. A young age of the professional and a longer duration of care are risk factors for secondary traumatisation. A young age of the client and a low sense of professional stability on the part of the professional are risk factors for the development of burnout. The ability to care for oneself as a protective factor could not be proven.
Studies on the topic of psychosocial care for refugees show that there is a considerable difference between the need and the available care capacity in the member centres of the Federal Association for Refugees and Torture Victims (BAfF). It is the psychosocial centres that compensate for the inadequate standard care for refugees. However, their nationwide, needs-based and sufficient funding is not guaranteed. The services provided by the psychosocial centres are not sufficiently recognised and funded by politicians, meaning that the urgently needed expansion of psychosocial care for refugees through these specialised centres seems impossible.
Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate what measures the BAfF psychosocial centres have taken to compensate for the increased demand since 2016 with the available resources. To this end, a quantitative online survey was conducted in the BAfF member centres.
The results show that the resources currently available to the centres for the care of refugees are distributed very heterogeneously. It is not possible to identify a "typical" psychosocial centre. In addition, it was found that almost all centres have taken several conceptual and/or organisational measures as well as measures to place refugees in regular care in order to meet the increased demand since 2016. The fact that the measures taken actually had the desired compensatory effects could only be demonstrated in isolated cases. The insights gained make it clear that although the psychosocial centres have taken a variety of measures, their effects and objectives cannot be sufficiently proven.
The aim of this master's thesis is to empirically examine the need for a concept for developmental support in crisis centres for infants and young children. To this end, five professionals from crisis centres in Berlin were interviewed.
The results reveal barriers in the cooperation between crisis centres and development support facilities. It becomes clear that the conceptual integration of development support in crisis centres is rejected by crisis centre professionals. It is advisable to investigate the possibility of cooperation between crisis centres and development support facilities as part of further research.
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